SECOND GRADE

Language Arts

Oral Language

2.1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of oral language structure.

• Create oral stories to share with others.
• Create and participate in oral dramatic activities.
• Use correct verb tenses in oral communication.
• Use increasingly complex sentence structures in oral communication.

2.2 The student will continue to expand listening and speaking vocabularies.

• Use words that reflect a growing range of interests and knowledge.
• Clarify and explain words and ideas orally.
• Give and follow oral directions with three or four steps.
• Identify and use synonyms and antonyms in oral communication.

2.3 The student will use oral communication skills.

• Use oral language for different purposes: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
• Share stories or information orally with an audience.
• Participate as a contributor and leader in a group.
• Paraphrase information shared orally by others.

Reading/Literature

2.4 The student will use phonetic strategies when reading and writing.

• Use knowledge of consonants and consonant blends in words.
• Use knowledge of common vowel patterns.

2.5 The student will use meaning clues when reading.

• Use pictures and diagrams.
• Use information in the story to read words.
• Use titles and headings.

2.6 The student will use language structure when reading.

• Use knowledge of prefixes and suffixes.
• Use knowledge of contractions and singular possessives.
• Use knowledge of simple abbreviations.
• Use knowledge of sentence structure.
• Use knowledge of story structure and sequence.

2.7 The student will read fiction, nonfiction, and poetry using a variety of strategies independently.

• Preview the selection.
• Set purpose for reading.
• Use pictures, phonics, meaning clues, and language structure.
• Reread and self-correct when necessary.

2.8 The student will demonstrate comprehension of fiction and nonfiction selections.

• Relate previous experiences to the topic.
• Read to confirm predictions.
• Locate information to answer questions.
• Paraphrase information found in nonfiction materials.
• Describe characters and setting in fiction selections and poetry.
• Explain the problem, solution, or central idea.
• Write about what is read.

Writing

2.9 The student will write stories, letters, and simple explanations.

• Generate ideas before writing.
• Organize writing to include a beginning, middle, and end.
• Revise writing for clarity.
• Use available technology.

Activity: Have each student in your class bring in a photo of himself. In small groups, teach stueents to scan photos (Deskscan is very easy!) Save photos on disc. Students may then insert their photos into word processing and write/type about themselves . Compile into a booklet called "Meet Our Class."

2.10 The student will edit final copies for grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

• Use declarative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentences.
• Capitalize all proper nouns and words at the beginning of sentences.
• Use correct spelling for frequently used words.

Research

2.11 The student will locate information in reference materials.

• Use a table of contents.
• Examine pictures and charts.
• Use dictionaries and indices.
• Use available technology.

Mathematics

Number and Number Sense

2.2 The student will compare two whole numbers between 0 and 999, using symbols and words (>, <, or =, "greater than," "less than," or "equal to").

2.3 The student will identify the positions first through twentieth, using an ordered set of objects.

2.4 The student will identify the part of a set and/or region that represents one-half, one-third, one-fourth, one-eighth, and one-tenth and write the corresponding fraction.

2.5 The student will count by twos and fives to 100 and by threes and fours to 96, using mental mathematics, paper and pencil, hundred chart, calculators, and/or concrete objects.

Computation and Estimation

2.6 The student will recall basic addition facts, sums to 18 or less, and the corresponding subtraction facts.

2.7 The student, given two whole numbers whose sum is 99 or less, will

• estimate the sum; and
• find the sum using various methods of calculation (mental computation, concrete materials, and paper and pencil).

2.8 The student, given two whole numbers each 99 or less, will

• estimate the difference; and
• find the difference using various methods of calculation (mental computation, concrete materials, and paper and pencil).

2.9 The student will solve addition and subtraction problems using data from simple charts and picture graphs. Problems will require a one-step solution.

2.10 The student, given a simple addition or subtraction fact, will recognize and describe the related facts which represent and describe the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., 3 + __ = 7, ___ + 3 = 7, 7 - 3 = __, and 7 - __ = 3).

2.11 The student will

• count, compare, and make change, using a collection of coins and one-dollar bills; and
• identify the correct usage of the cent symbol (¢), dollar symbol ($), and decimal point (.).

FunBrain

Measurement

2.12 The student will estimate and then use a ruler to make linear measurements to the nearest centimeter and inch, including the distance around a polygon (determine perimeter).

2.13 The student, given grid paper, will estimate and then count the number of square units needed to cover a given surface (determine area).

2.14 The student will estimate and then count the number of cubes in a rectangular box (determine volume).

2.15 The student will estimate and then determine weight/mass of familiar objects in pounds and/or kilograms, using a scale.

2.16 The student will tell and write time to the quarter hour, using analog and digital clocks.

2.17 The student will use actual measuring devices to compare metric and U.S. Customary units (cups, pints, quarts, gallons, and liters) for measuring liquid volume, using the concepts of more, less, and equivalent.

Geometry

2.18 The student will identify and describe a cube, rectangular solid, sphere, cylinder, and cone, according to the number and shape of faces, edges, bases, and corners.

2.19 The student will identify and create figures, symmetric along a line, using various concrete materials.

2.20 The student will compare and contrast plane and solid geometric shapes (circle/sphere, square/cube, triangle/pyramid, and rectangle/rectangular solid).

Probability and Statistics

2.21 The student will read, construct, and interpret a simple picture and bar graph.

2.22 The student, given a calendar, will determine past and future days of the week and identify specific dates.

2.23 The student will record data from experiments using spinners and colored tiles/cubes and use the data to predict which of two events is more likely to occur if the experiment is repeated.

Patterns, Functions, and Algebra

2.25 The student will identify, create, and extend a wide variety of patterns using symbols and objects.

2.26 The student will solve problems by completing a numerical sentence involving the basic facts for addition and subtraction. Examples include: 3 + __ = 7, or 9 - __ = 2. Students will create story problems using the numerical sentences.

Science

Scientific Investigation, Reasoning, and Logic

2.1 The student will plan and conduct investigations in which

• observations are repeated to improve accuracy;
• two or more attributes are used to classify items;
• pictures and bar graphs are constructed using numbered axes;
• linear, volume, mass, and temperature measurements are made in metric (centimeters, meters, liters, degrees Celsius, grams, kilograms) and standard English units (inches, feet, yards, pints, quarts, gallons, degrees Fahrenheit, ounces, pounds);
• observation is differentiated from personal interpretation, and conclusions are drawn based on observations;
• simple physical models are constructed;
• conditions that influence a change are defined; and
• unexpected or unusual quantitative data are recognized.

Force, Motion, and Energy

2.2 The student will investigate and understand that natural and artificial magnets have certain characteristics and attract specific types of metals. Key concepts include

• magnetism, iron, magnetic/nonmagnetic, opposites, poles, attract/repel; and
• important applications including the magnetic compass.

Matter

2.3 The student will investigate and understand basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Key concepts include

• mass and volume; and
• processes involved with changes in matter from one state to another (condensation, evaporation, melting, freezing, expanding, and contracting).

Life Processes

2.4 The student will investigate and understand that plants and animals go through a series of orderly changes in their life cycles. Key concepts include

• some animals (frogs and butterflies) go through distinct stages during their lives while others generally resemble their parents; and
• flowering plants undergo many changes from the formation of the flower to the development of the fruit.

Living Systems

2.5 The student will investigate and understand that living things are part of a system. Key concepts include

• living organisms are interdependent with their living and nonliving surroundings; and
• habitats change over time due to many influences.

Interrelationships in Earth/Space Systems

2.6 The student will investigate and understand basic types and patterns of weather. Key concepts include

• temperature, wind, condensation, precipitation, drought, flood, and storms; and
• the uses and importance of measuring and recording weather data.

Earth Patterns, Cycles, and Change

2.7 The student will investigate and understand that weather and seasonal changes affect plants, animals, and their surroundings. Key concepts include

• effects on growth and behavior of living things (migration, estivation, hibernation, camouflage, adaptation, dormancy); and
• weathering and erosion of the land surface.

Resources

2.8 The student will investigate and understand that plants produce oxygen and food, are a source of useful products, and provide benefits in nature. Key concepts include

• important plant products (fiber, cotton, oil, spices, lumber, rubber, medicines, and paper);
• the availability of plant products affects the development of a geographic area; and
• plants provide homes and food for many animals and prevent soil from washing away.

Social Studies

History

2.1 The student will study the contributions of ancient Egypt and China which have had an impact on world history, with emphasis on written language, laws, calendars, and architectural monuments such as the Pyramids and the Great Wall of China.

2.2 The student will compare rural, urban, and suburban communities and describe how the local community has changed physically and demographically over time.

2.3 The student will compare the tribes of American Indians in Virginia with nomadic (e.g., Sioux) and settled, agricultural tribes (e.g., Pueblo) in other regions in America.

Geography

2.4 The student will describe our nation as composed of states and locate the following on a map of the United States: Washington, D.C.; the states of Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee; and major rivers, mountain ranges, and lakes in the United States.

2.5 The student will demonstrate map skills by constructing a simple map of the North American continent, which will include the essential map elements of title, scale, key, directional indicator, and date.

Activity: After studying shapes, use ClarisWorks to draw using shapes. Students could amke a floor plan of yyour classroom. Print and draw/add a map key to the floor plan.

Economics

2.6 The student will explain the interdependence of producers and consumers in a market economy by describing factors that have influenced consumer demand and describing how producers have used natural resources, human resources, and capital resources to produce goods and services in the past and the present.

2.7 The student will identify examples of making economic choices and will explain what is given up when making a choice; distinguish between money and barter economies; and explain the differences between using cash, checks, and credit to purchase goods and services.

2.8 The student will compare different ways that money can increase in value through savings and investment (e.g., bank savings accounts, investments in stocks and bonds, and investments in real estate and other valuable goods).

Activity: Read A Picture Book of George Washington. Locate Mount Vernon on the map. Acess the URL for Mount Vernon, take a virtual tour of Washington's Home.Mount Vernon

Civics

2.9 The student will identify examples of the extension of the privileges and responsibilities of citizenship in American history and identify the contributions of individuals and groups, including Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, and Martin Luther King, Jr.

2.10 The student will explain the difference between making laws, carrying out laws, and determining if laws have been violated and identify the government bodies that perform these functions at the local, state, and national levels.

Professional Resources Books

Hyperstudio for Terrified Teachers by Tim Fleck (Teacher Created Materials) ISBN# 1-57690-180-7
We Can Use the Computer: Scholastic Skills Books (Scholastic) ISBN# 0-590-49553-4
CyberSurfer by Nyla Ahmad (Owl Books) ISBN#: 1-895688-50-7
Click! 101 Computer Activities and Art Projects for Kids and Grown-ups by Lunne Bundesen (Simon & Schuster/New York) ISBN#: 1-55734-813-8
Computer Don't Byte: A beginners Guide to Computers (Teacher Created Materials) and also STudent Reproducible book Computer Don't Byte (Teacher Created Materials) ISBN#1-55734-813-8
Kids' Computer Creations (Williamson Publishing) ISBN# 0-913589-92-6

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Send all additional ideas, resouces, or notices of dead links to C. Shields